Filariasis

Prelims:
Science & Technology, Health
Mains:
GS Paper II-Health, GS Paper III-Science & Technology

Current relevance:

The West Bengal Health Department has launched a Mass Drug Administration (MDA) campaign against Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis) in 10 districts, aiming to eliminate the disease in the State by 2030.

 At a glance:

Lymphatic Filariasis

It commonly known as Elephantiasis, is a mosquito-borne Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD).

It is caused by parasitic filarial worms that infect the human lymphatic system, leading to abnormal swelling (lymphoedema) of body parts.

Symptoms:

i.Early Stage - asymptomatic, Fever, Swollen lymph nodes.

ii.Chronic Stage - Severe swelling (Lymphoedema) of:

Legs, Arms, Breasts, Genital organs. 

Diagnostic Methods:

It is diagnosed through blood smear examination (preferably collected at night), antigen detection tests, ultrasound to detect adult worms, and PCR-based molecular tests.

Prevention:

Mass Drug Administration (MDA) in endemic areas, effective mosquito control measures, increased community awareness with early treatment.

Mass Drug Administration (MDA):

A public health strategy where anti-filarial medicines are given to all eligible people in endemic areas, irrespective of infection status.

Objective: Interrupt transmission and eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis.

National Programme:

National Programme for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (NPELF) implemented by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. 

WHO Initiative:

Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) launched by WHO in 2000. 

Lymphatic Filariasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) targeted for global elimination.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/west-bengal-conducts-filariasis-drug-drive-in-10-districts-targets-elimination-by-2030/article71210351.ece