TYPHOID
VACCINE – SCI & TECH
News:
India-made typhoid
vaccine efficacy lasts for four years: study
What's
in the news?
●
Recently, phase-3 trial conducted in
Malawi, Africa, a region endemic for typhoid fever, has demonstrated the
long-term efficacy of Bharat Biotech’s Typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Typbar.
The efficacy of the vaccine was seen in children of all age groups studied.
Key
takeaways:
●
Typbar TCV is the world's first clinically proven conjugate Typhoid vaccine.
Typbar
Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TVC)
●
It is a Typhoid Vaccine developed by
Hyderabad based Bharat Biotech.
●
WHO
has given its approval for global use of this vaccine.
●
Typbar TCV is the world's first typhoid
vaccine clinically proven to be administered to children from six months of age
to adults, and confers long-term protection against typhoid fever.
Typhoid:
●
Typhoid is an acute infection that is
caused by Salmonella Typhi that is known to spread only from one person
to another.
Transmission:
●
It is transmitted by the faecal-oral route, through ingestion of
contaminated food or water.
●
When the disease is not treated, around 5
percent of the individuals who recover from the infection carry the bacteria
and are capable of infecting others for more than a year.
Regions
Affected:
●
Typhoid fever is widespread in some parts
of Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and the Middle East
and so constitutes a hazard, especially among travellers.
Symptoms:
●
Typhoid may be mild, moderate or severe
with symptoms like fever, tiredness, ill feeling, sore throat, persistent cough
and headache. If not treated, these symptoms could persist for approximately
one month.
Go
back to basics:
Conjugate
Vaccine:
●
A conjugate vaccine is a type of vaccine
that combines a weak antigen with a strong antigen, also known as a carrier protein.
○
This combination helps the immune system
to develop a stronger and more effective immune response to the weak antigen.
●
This stronger immune response helps to
protect against infection from the pathogen that the weak antigen originated
from.