ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE – SCI & TECH
News:
Explained | Will artificial
intelligence lead to job displacements?
What's
in the news?
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AI is the digital distillation of a technological revolution that is
facilitating the long-overdue evolution of the human mind. AI, as fear-inducing
as anything disruptive and new is, can galvanise, turbo-charge, and trigger new
avenues of intelligence in human minds. These new avenues can enable us to
understand and attack society’s greatest challenges today.
Artificial
Intelligence (AI):
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Artificial Intelligence endeavours to simulate the natural intelligence of human
beings into machines, thus making them behave intelligently.
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An intelligent machine is supposed to imitate some of the cognitive functions
of humans like learning, decision-making and problem solving.
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In order to make machines perform tasks
with minimal human intervention, they are programmed to create a knowledge base
and make decisions based on it.
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AI systems can also learn from past
experiences or outcomes to make new decisions.
Dynamics
of AI:
AI (Artificial
Intelligence) is divided into two such as
AGI
is designed to be capable of performing a wide variety of intellectual tasks,
while ANI is designed to perform a single or a narrow set of related tasks.
Artificial
General Intelligence (AGI):
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AGI is designed to be flexible and adaptable, capable of handling new tasks and
situations without human intervention.
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This is often referred to as ‘unsupervised
learning’ which means that the AI system can learn from data without being
explicitly programmed to do so.
Artificial
Narrow Intelligence (ANI):
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ANI, by contrast, is designed to perform a
specific task or set of tasks and is
not capable of generalising knowledge or skills to new situations outside of
its programmed domain.
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Hence, it remains eminently controllable
even if we do not fully understand the mechanics of how it gets so good at the
task it is programmed for.
Difference
between AGI and ANI:
1. Differs in the scope
of intelligence and ability to generalise knowledge across different contexts:
a.
AGI:
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AGI is primarily driven by a variety of
technical aspects that bear deeper discussion.
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One such aspect is the sophistication of AGI’s cognitive
architecture - the development of a system that includes perception,
attention, memory, language, and reasoning.
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AGI is envisioned as having the ability to
perform any intellectual task that a human can do, and to apply knowledge
learned in one context to new, unfamiliar situations.
b.
ANI:
●
ANI, by contrast, is designed to perform a
specific task or set of tasks and is not
capable of generalising knowledge or skills to new situations outside of
its programmed domain.
2.
Emanating Control on AI:
a.
AGI:
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The fear emanates from the very real possibility that an AGI
system continues to learn and make decisions that even its creators cannot
possibly predict.
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This lack of ‘control’ is what leads to
the overarching fear of AI.
b.
ANI:
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ANI remains eminently controllable even if we do not fully understand the
mechanics of how it gets so good at the task it is programmed for.
3.
Aspect of explain ability:
a.
AGI:
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AGI systems will need to be easily
explainable to humans in their decision-making
processes.
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We cannot trust decisions until we
understand how the conclusions were arrived at.
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AGI, in its pure form, will be designed to
learn and reason like humans.
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This means that it should pull knowledge
and inputs from experience, reason about complex concepts, and make decisions
based on incomplete or uncertain information.
b.
ANI:
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In contrast, ANI is typically trained
using machine learning algorithms
such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning, or reinforcement learning.
●
These algorithms are designed to optimize
the AI system’s performance on a specific task or set of tasks, but they are
not necessarily capable of reasoning or learning in the way that humans do.
4.
Current Development:
a.
AGI:
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AGI is still largely in the realm of theoretical research and development,
and it is not yet clear whether it will be possible to create a truly general
AI system.
b.
ANI:
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In contrast, ANI is already in widespread
use in a variety of industries and
applications including image recognition, natural language processing, and
predictive analysis.
●
ANI
and low skill jobs:
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ANI products like ChatGPT, and similar solutions, are particularly adept at
automating routine and repetitive tasks, such as data entry and customer
service which could perhaps replace low-skill level workers.
Significance
of AI:
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Many experts believe that AI will transform industries in significant
ways, creating new opportunities for growth and innovation.
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In industries like healthcare, for
example, AI can optimise transportation networks, develop new materials, and
even simplify manufacturing processes.
Issues
of AI:
Case
study:
●
We can safely assume that AI can very well
lead to the displacement of some jobs.
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Buzzfeed layoffs were almost at the same
time during its new deal with OpenAI to leverage ChatGPT for its articles.
AI
leads to Job displacements:
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The impact
of AI on jobs and industries is likely to be uneven, with some workers and industries experiencing greater
disruption than others.
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However, we should not forget that
disruptive tech also creates new jobs
and skill sets.
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AI may create demand for workers with expertise in machine learning, data science
and natural language processing. and project management.
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It may also create opportunities for workers to specialise in areas where human
judgement and creativity will remain critical.
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But this can be said for nearly every
disruptive technology that was introduced in legacy business sectors.
WAY
FORWARD:
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In the case of AI, workers in low-wage and low-skill occupations may be more vulnerable to
job loss than those in high-wage and high-skill occupations.
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But all is not lost. As AI continues to transform the job market,
workers may need to acquire new skills and knowledge in order to remain
employable.
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This could require significant investment in education and training
programs, as well as new approaches to lifelong learning and skills
development.