TYPES
OF HYDROGEN – SCI & TECH
News:
FACT to set up green
hydrogen plant jointly with OIL
What's
in the news?
●
Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore
Limited (FACT) plans to set up a small green hydrogen plant at its premises in
Kochi, in collaboration with Oil India Limited.
Key
takeaways:
●
The two major Central PSUs signed a MoU in
Noida to explore opportunities in the domain of green hydrogen, including green
ammonia/green methanol and other derivatives.
Types
of Hydrogen:
1.
Green Hydrogen:
●
Green hydrogen is created by electrolyzing
water with clean electricity generated
by excess renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power.
●
Electrolyzers employ an electrochemical
reaction to divide water into its constituents, hydrogen and oxygen, while
producing no carbon dioxide.
●
Green hydrogen presently accounts for a
small portion of total hydrogen production due to the high cost of generation.
2.
Blue Hydrogen:
●
Blue hydrogen is mostly created from natural gas using a process known as
steam reforming, which combines natural gas with heated water in the form of
steam.
●
The output is hydrogen, but as a
byproduct, carbon dioxide is created.
●
As a result, the utilisation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) to collect and
store this carbon is included in the definition of blue hydrogen.
●
Blue hydrogen is frequently referred to as
'low-carbon hydrogen,' despite the
fact that the steam reforming method does not prevent the production of
greenhouse gases.
3.
Grey Hydrogen:
●
Grey hydrogen is produced from natural gas, or methane, by steam
methane reformation, but without collecting the greenhouse gases produced.
●
Grey hydrogen is similar to blue hydrogen,
except it does not involve carbon capture and storage.
4.
Black and Brown Hydrogen:
●
The hydrogen produced by using black coal or lignite (brown coal)
is the polar opposite of green hydrogen in the hydrogen spectrum and the most
ecologically harmful.
●
To further complicate matters, any
hydrogen produced from fossil fuels via the 'gasification' process is frequently referred to as black or brown
hydrogen interchangeably.
5.
Pink Hydrogen:
●
Pink hydrogen is created using nuclear-powered electrolysis. Purple
hydrogen and crimson hydrogen are other names for nuclear-produced hydrogen.
●
Furthermore, the extremely high
temperatures produced by nuclear reactors might be utilized to produce steam
for more efficient electrolysis or steam methane reforming using fossil gas.
6.
Turquoise Hydrogen:
●
Turquoise hydrogen is created by a process
known as methane pyrolysis, which
produces hydrogen and solid carbon.
●
Turquoise hydrogen may be valued in the
future as a low-emission hydrogen, if the heating process is fueled by
renewable energy and the carbon is permanently stored or utilised.
7.
Yellow Hydrogen:
●
Yellow hydrogen is commonly used to
describe hydrogen produced by solar-powered
electrolysis.
●
However, it is also used to describe
electrolyzed hydrogen produced using a combination of renewable and fossil fuel
power.
8.
White Hydrogen:
●
White hydrogen is a kind of naturally occurring hydrogen that may
be found in subsurface deposits.
9.
Gold Hydrogen:
●
Gold hydrogen, which is also used to
describe hydrogen created by fermenting
bacteria found in depleted oil wells.
●
It not only provides another low-cost
hydrogen method, but it also extends the life of oil fields rather than leaving
them stranded assets.
●
However, for carbon neutrality, the gold
hydrogen synthesis and extraction process relies on CO2 collection.